This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
The document analyzes mercury levels in 18 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples of fish were collected from markets and their mercury content was determined using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury levels ranged from 0.188 to 0.475 μg/g dry weight. Nine species had levels between 0.188 to 0.295 μg/g, six species between 0.307 to 0.378 μg/g, and three species between 0.445 to 0.475 μg/g. The average mercury level across all fish was 0.315 μg/g, within international safety limits.
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
Alkaline Extraction of Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) Proteins: Physicochemical ...IJERA Editor
Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) is an important emerging species in Brazilian mariculture. The aim of the study was to obtain and characterize a protein isolate from cobia muscle using chemical extraction process by alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation of proteins. The extraction yield was 98.17g/100g protein on a dry basis. The highest solubility and water holding capacity (WHC) of cobiaprotein isolate (CPI) was obtained at pH 11and 21.9mL of water per gram of protein. The electrophoretic profiles revealed masses characteristic of myofibrillar proteins (myosin and actin). The main peaks identified by qualitative spectroscopy analysis of the infrared spectrawere characteristic of peptide bonds such as amide I and amide II. The highest fusion and degradation points of CPI were 259.1°C and 378°C, respectively. The results showed that the CPI has great biotechnological value in various industrial areas that require a product of high protein value.
This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
The document analyzes mercury levels in 18 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples of fish were collected from markets and their mercury content was determined using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury levels ranged from 0.188 to 0.475 μg/g dry weight. Nine species had levels between 0.188 to 0.295 μg/g, six species between 0.307 to 0.378 μg/g, and three species between 0.445 to 0.475 μg/g. The average mercury level across all fish was 0.315 μg/g, within international safety limits.
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
Alkaline Extraction of Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) Proteins: Physicochemical ...IJERA Editor
Cobia (Rachycentroncanadum) is an important emerging species in Brazilian mariculture. The aim of the study was to obtain and characterize a protein isolate from cobia muscle using chemical extraction process by alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation of proteins. The extraction yield was 98.17g/100g protein on a dry basis. The highest solubility and water holding capacity (WHC) of cobiaprotein isolate (CPI) was obtained at pH 11and 21.9mL of water per gram of protein. The electrophoretic profiles revealed masses characteristic of myofibrillar proteins (myosin and actin). The main peaks identified by qualitative spectroscopy analysis of the infrared spectrawere characteristic of peptide bonds such as amide I and amide II. The highest fusion and degradation points of CPI were 259.1°C and 378°C, respectively. The results showed that the CPI has great biotechnological value in various industrial areas that require a product of high protein value.
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
Effects of stocking density on the growth rate of gold fish fry reared in hapaAbdullaAlAsif1
p>The present study was conducted to investigate effects of stocking density on growth performances of gold fish ( Carassius auratus ) in hapas. Experiment was conducted for a month with three treatments where three stocking densities were T<sub>1</sub> (10 fry/hapa), T<sub>2</sub> (15 fry/hapa) andT<sub>3</sub> (20 fry/hapa) each having three replications which were selected randomly. In the present experiment hapa (3ft × 2ft × 2ft) with 1 mm mesh net was used. Gold fish fry having a mean body weight of 0.007 g were used in all treatments. Fishes were fed at the rate of 10% of their body weight containing 34.11% protein. Water quality parameters were monitored at 10 days interval and the ranges were –temperature 24.75 to 27.75 <sup>o</sup>C, dissolved oxygen 3.68 to 4.09 mg/L, pH 7.3 to 8.16, ammonia 0.3 to 1 mg/L, nitrite 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, phosphate 0.6 to 1 mg/L and alkalinity 119 to 187 mg/L. At the growth performances were evaluated by comparing mean final body weight, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio. The present study showed that the gold fish fry in T<sub>1</sub> resulted the best mean final weight gain (1.188 g) followed by T<sub>2</sub> (0.834 g) and T<sub>3</sub> (0.686 g). The SGR ranged between 6.64 and 7.43% per day and FCR ranged between 3.56 and 4.12 with T<sub>1</sub> showing the lowest FCR. The survival rate (%) ranged between 76.67% to 85.67%. From the present experiment it was found that individual fish growth rate was decreased with the increase of stocking density.
Analysis of length-weight relationships, condition factor and Bayesian appro...Gitartha kaushik
The document analyzes length-weight relationships, condition factor, and Bayesian approach to predict the health and shape of 17 fish species collected from Lakhimpur district, Assam, India. Length-weight relationships were calculated to estimate biomass and growth patterns. Condition factor was used to assess fatness and habitat health. The Bayesian approach found 3 species to be short and deep, 9 fusiform, and 5 elongated in shape. The study found both positive and negative allometric growth among the species, with condition factors generally above 1, indicating good individual condition.
Heavy metals from industrial waste are contaminating the aquatic systems and fish in West Bengal, India. A study analyzed levels of heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, and cadmium in tissues of three fish species from different areas. The highest metal levels were found in the intestine and liver of fish, with lead levels surpassing WHO, EPA, and Indian safety standards. The contamination of heavy metals poses risks to the local fish biodiversity and human health through the food chain.
Determination of mercury level in rana esculenta (frog), sediment and water f...Alexander Decker
1) The study measured mercury levels in edible frogs (Rana esculenta), sediment, and water from the River Guma in Benue State, Nigeria over three months.
2) Mercury levels were highest in frog livers, followed by intestines and muscles. No mercury was detected in the water.
3) Mercury concentrations in frog tissues were above the recommended WHO value but below levels that would pose health risks. The results indicate bioaccumulation of mercury in the food chain.
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Present status of Indian major carp broodstock management at the hatcheries i...AbdullaAlAsif1
This document discusses the present status of broodstock management at Indian major carp hatcheries in Jessore, Bangladesh. It finds that brood fish are selected based on experience, and are sourced from various locations including government brood banks. Feed ingredients include rice bran, mustard oilcake, and fishmeal. Hatching rates average 85-91% with 5-7% deformities. Both positive and negative selection methods are used. The most common disease is anchor worm. Hatchery owners believe using wild broodfish could reduce inbreeding and improve fry survival and growth.
11.assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and z...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in muscle tissues of fish from wetlands in Kolkata, India. The levels of heavy metals in fish tissues were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from consuming the contaminated fish. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc in one fish species was marginally high. The estimated target cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish species were above acceptable levels. More research is needed to fully understand health risks from toxic metals in fish consumed in the region.
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
This study accomplish the generation of proper information on the proximate chemical composition, heavy metals and free fatty acid profiling studies of Indian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) and will be more important when utilization of new species of deeper water fishes for human healthcare benefits especially in pregnant women, young children and aged population.
Selected minerals in meat of cattle grazing in mine revegetationAlexander Decker
1. The study analyzed minerals in meat and organs of cattle grazing in mine revegetation areas and nearby grasses and water to determine safe human consumption.
2. Some essential heavy metals like Fe, Cr and Ni were found in higher amounts in grasses consumed by cattle in mine areas, but did not exceed thresholds in cattle meat or organs.
3. Based on Fe content, adults are recommended to consume no more than 4.46 kg/day of meat, 0.78 kg/day of liver, and 1.37 kg/day of heart to stay below tolerable intake levels.
Growth and production performance of Vietnamese koi (Anabas testudineus) with...AbdullaAlAsif1
A culture experiment was conducted to see the growth and production performance of Vietnamese koi (Anabas testudineus) with Magur (Clarias batrachus) at different stocking densities in a farmer's ponds under semi-intensive rearing system for a period of 120 days. The experiment was conducted in three ponds at Rahmatpur of Muktagachha Upazila of Mymensingh district from 5 August to 5 December, 2013. The size of ponds were 24 (T 1), 24 (T 2) and 24 (T 3) decimal with an average depth of 4 feet. Three different stocking densities were tested, namely treatments T 1 (400 fish /decimal, 350 Vietnamese koi and 50 magur); T 2 (450 fish /decimal, 400 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur) and T 3 (550 fish /decimal, 500 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur). Ruposhi Bangla feed was used in all treatments two times daily from the beginning of the fry stocking. The initial weight of Vietnamese koi and Magur were 5±0.00 g and 2±0.00 g respectively. The initial length of Vietnamese koi and Magur were 2.54 and 3.50 cm respectively. The average highest final weight gain of Vietnamese koi was (138.71±0.03 g) observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (135.65±0.12 g) and T 3 (129.29±0.49 g). Similarly, the average highest final weight gain of Magur (76.00±0.58 g) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (68.36±0.43 g) and T 3 (62.61±0.58 g) respectively. The average highest final length gain of Vietnamese koi (17.38±0.05 cm) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (17.00±0.04 cm) and T 3 (16.33±0.03 cm). Similarly, the average highest final length gain of Magur (21.30±0.09 cm) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (17.00±0.05 cm) and T 3 (15.87±0.02 cm) respectively. The survival rate of the stocking Vietnamese koi and Magur were recorded 95.14 and 72.00 % in T 1 ; 93.25 and 64.00% in T 2 ; 90.80 and 68.00 % in T 3 respectively. Fish production in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 were 48.93; 52.79 and 60.83 kg/decimal/120 days, respectively. The total production of T 3 was increased with the increasing of stocking density compare to T 2 and T1. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was higher in T 3 where BCR was 1.67 and on the other two treatments BCR was 1.53 in T 2 and 1.52 in T 1 although the highest production was obtained in T 3 but individually growth performance of Vietnamese koi and Magur were higher in T 1. Based on the result of the present experiment, farmers could be suggested to rear Vietnamese koi with Magur at the stocking density of 550 fish/decimal (500 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur) which was the highest density tried to get more production and financial benefit. Further experiment need to be conducted by taking higher density than the 550 fish/decimal for the optimization of stocking density to get more production and benefit.
More Related Content
Similar to Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladesh
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
Effects of stocking density on the growth rate of gold fish fry reared in hapaAbdullaAlAsif1
p>The present study was conducted to investigate effects of stocking density on growth performances of gold fish ( Carassius auratus ) in hapas. Experiment was conducted for a month with three treatments where three stocking densities were T<sub>1</sub> (10 fry/hapa), T<sub>2</sub> (15 fry/hapa) andT<sub>3</sub> (20 fry/hapa) each having three replications which were selected randomly. In the present experiment hapa (3ft × 2ft × 2ft) with 1 mm mesh net was used. Gold fish fry having a mean body weight of 0.007 g were used in all treatments. Fishes were fed at the rate of 10% of their body weight containing 34.11% protein. Water quality parameters were monitored at 10 days interval and the ranges were –temperature 24.75 to 27.75 <sup>o</sup>C, dissolved oxygen 3.68 to 4.09 mg/L, pH 7.3 to 8.16, ammonia 0.3 to 1 mg/L, nitrite 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, phosphate 0.6 to 1 mg/L and alkalinity 119 to 187 mg/L. At the growth performances were evaluated by comparing mean final body weight, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio. The present study showed that the gold fish fry in T<sub>1</sub> resulted the best mean final weight gain (1.188 g) followed by T<sub>2</sub> (0.834 g) and T<sub>3</sub> (0.686 g). The SGR ranged between 6.64 and 7.43% per day and FCR ranged between 3.56 and 4.12 with T<sub>1</sub> showing the lowest FCR. The survival rate (%) ranged between 76.67% to 85.67%. From the present experiment it was found that individual fish growth rate was decreased with the increase of stocking density.
Analysis of length-weight relationships, condition factor and Bayesian appro...Gitartha kaushik
The document analyzes length-weight relationships, condition factor, and Bayesian approach to predict the health and shape of 17 fish species collected from Lakhimpur district, Assam, India. Length-weight relationships were calculated to estimate biomass and growth patterns. Condition factor was used to assess fatness and habitat health. The Bayesian approach found 3 species to be short and deep, 9 fusiform, and 5 elongated in shape. The study found both positive and negative allometric growth among the species, with condition factors generally above 1, indicating good individual condition.
Heavy metals from industrial waste are contaminating the aquatic systems and fish in West Bengal, India. A study analyzed levels of heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, and cadmium in tissues of three fish species from different areas. The highest metal levels were found in the intestine and liver of fish, with lead levels surpassing WHO, EPA, and Indian safety standards. The contamination of heavy metals poses risks to the local fish biodiversity and human health through the food chain.
Determination of mercury level in rana esculenta (frog), sediment and water f...Alexander Decker
1) The study measured mercury levels in edible frogs (Rana esculenta), sediment, and water from the River Guma in Benue State, Nigeria over three months.
2) Mercury levels were highest in frog livers, followed by intestines and muscles. No mercury was detected in the water.
3) Mercury concentrations in frog tissues were above the recommended WHO value but below levels that would pose health risks. The results indicate bioaccumulation of mercury in the food chain.
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Present status of Indian major carp broodstock management at the hatcheries i...AbdullaAlAsif1
This document discusses the present status of broodstock management at Indian major carp hatcheries in Jessore, Bangladesh. It finds that brood fish are selected based on experience, and are sourced from various locations including government brood banks. Feed ingredients include rice bran, mustard oilcake, and fishmeal. Hatching rates average 85-91% with 5-7% deformities. Both positive and negative selection methods are used. The most common disease is anchor worm. Hatchery owners believe using wild broodfish could reduce inbreeding and improve fry survival and growth.
11.assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and z...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in muscle tissues of fish from wetlands in Kolkata, India. The levels of heavy metals in fish tissues were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from consuming the contaminated fish. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc in one fish species was marginally high. The estimated target cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish species were above acceptable levels. More research is needed to fully understand health risks from toxic metals in fish consumed in the region.
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
This study accomplish the generation of proper information on the proximate chemical composition, heavy metals and free fatty acid profiling studies of Indian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) and will be more important when utilization of new species of deeper water fishes for human healthcare benefits especially in pregnant women, young children and aged population.
Selected minerals in meat of cattle grazing in mine revegetationAlexander Decker
1. The study analyzed minerals in meat and organs of cattle grazing in mine revegetation areas and nearby grasses and water to determine safe human consumption.
2. Some essential heavy metals like Fe, Cr and Ni were found in higher amounts in grasses consumed by cattle in mine areas, but did not exceed thresholds in cattle meat or organs.
3. Based on Fe content, adults are recommended to consume no more than 4.46 kg/day of meat, 0.78 kg/day of liver, and 1.37 kg/day of heart to stay below tolerable intake levels.
Growth and production performance of Vietnamese koi (Anabas testudineus) with...AbdullaAlAsif1
A culture experiment was conducted to see the growth and production performance of Vietnamese koi (Anabas testudineus) with Magur (Clarias batrachus) at different stocking densities in a farmer's ponds under semi-intensive rearing system for a period of 120 days. The experiment was conducted in three ponds at Rahmatpur of Muktagachha Upazila of Mymensingh district from 5 August to 5 December, 2013. The size of ponds were 24 (T 1), 24 (T 2) and 24 (T 3) decimal with an average depth of 4 feet. Three different stocking densities were tested, namely treatments T 1 (400 fish /decimal, 350 Vietnamese koi and 50 magur); T 2 (450 fish /decimal, 400 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur) and T 3 (550 fish /decimal, 500 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur). Ruposhi Bangla feed was used in all treatments two times daily from the beginning of the fry stocking. The initial weight of Vietnamese koi and Magur were 5±0.00 g and 2±0.00 g respectively. The initial length of Vietnamese koi and Magur were 2.54 and 3.50 cm respectively. The average highest final weight gain of Vietnamese koi was (138.71±0.03 g) observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (135.65±0.12 g) and T 3 (129.29±0.49 g). Similarly, the average highest final weight gain of Magur (76.00±0.58 g) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (68.36±0.43 g) and T 3 (62.61±0.58 g) respectively. The average highest final length gain of Vietnamese koi (17.38±0.05 cm) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (17.00±0.04 cm) and T 3 (16.33±0.03 cm). Similarly, the average highest final length gain of Magur (21.30±0.09 cm) was observed in T 1 and followed by T 2 (17.00±0.05 cm) and T 3 (15.87±0.02 cm) respectively. The survival rate of the stocking Vietnamese koi and Magur were recorded 95.14 and 72.00 % in T 1 ; 93.25 and 64.00% in T 2 ; 90.80 and 68.00 % in T 3 respectively. Fish production in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 were 48.93; 52.79 and 60.83 kg/decimal/120 days, respectively. The total production of T 3 was increased with the increasing of stocking density compare to T 2 and T1. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was higher in T 3 where BCR was 1.67 and on the other two treatments BCR was 1.53 in T 2 and 1.52 in T 1 although the highest production was obtained in T 3 but individually growth performance of Vietnamese koi and Magur were higher in T 1. Based on the result of the present experiment, farmers could be suggested to rear Vietnamese koi with Magur at the stocking density of 550 fish/decimal (500 Vietnamese koi and 50 Magur) which was the highest density tried to get more production and financial benefit. Further experiment need to be conducted by taking higher density than the 550 fish/decimal for the optimization of stocking density to get more production and benefit.
Similar to Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladesh (20)
2. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
and the Surma, mercury comes to the Bay of Bengal. Nearly, one hundred and eighty tons of Hg is
introduced every year into the Indian environment alone (Chaudhury, 1980). Yearly 2.4 billion tons of
sediments (Holeman, 1968; Coleman, 1969 and Khan, 1978) are carried by the river system of
Bangladesh. Thus the high mercury level in the Bay of Bengal may be due to direct disposal of industrial
wastes or solid wastes dumped by rivers of the subcontinent.
An estimated value of Hg content in daily diet varies from 5 to 20 mg and may reach up to 100- 300 mg
in coastal areas (Sharif et al., 1993b). Fish can accumulate both organic and inorganic mercury in its
metabolic system and they are the natural sources of Hg to man (Chovjka and Williams, 1980). The total
intake of Hg from other sources is negligible ( Clarkson, 1984; Turner et al., 1980).
People living to the coastal areas are directly or indirectly dependent on the resources of the sea. The
main objective of the present study is to know the level of mercury in the tropical fresh water fishes of
rivers of Bangladesh ,and to compare whether it is safer or not health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of Collection
Fish samples of Tenualosa Ilisha,Pangasius pangasius, Septinna phasa, Neopropius
atherinoides,Otolithoides pama , Puntius sarana,Ompok pabda, Sperata aor, Clarias batrachus,
Heteropneustes fossil ,Labeo rohita, and Catla catla were collected from different fish markets of Dhaka,
Commilla,Chandpur,Chittagong,Sylhet,and Khulna. Special precautions were taken during their
collection and preservation in containers so that these specimens were kept in good condition. Their
weights and sizes were recorded. The samples were cleaned and washed with demineralized water. Only
the flesh samples after removal internal organs, head, skin and tails, were taken out from the body. These
samples were sun-dried .The dried samples were then chopped into pieces with the help of a stainless
steel knife (steam cleaned). Only the edible muscle tissue samples were used for analysis. The samples
pieces were dried at 105-110oC in an oven until a constant weight was obtained (dry weight) .The dried
samples were ground, sieved and thoroughly mixed in a stainless steel rotating drum for 100 hours to
produce a homogeneous powder .These powder samples were finally preserved in clean and dry analysis
polythene bottles prior to analysis. All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
2
3. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
Irradiation
Portions of the samples (200-300 mg each) were thermally sealed in polyethylene bags and irradiated for
15 hours along with a known amount of MA-A-2™, the fish flesh homogenate standard of IAEA
(International Atomic Energy Agency) in the TRIGA MARK II reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka at a flux
of about (0.5 to 1.0) x1012 n.cm-2.s-1.
Radiochemical Separation
The process for dissolution and chemical separation was the same as our process described
elsewhere (Sharif et al .1993b).
Counting
The samples and the standard were counted on a 125cm3 HPGe detector connected to a 4096 pulse height
analyzer PCA II MCA card. The energies (in keV) chosen for the evaluation of the peak areas were
[197Hg: t1/2 (65 h)] Eγ = 69 and 77.3 keV. The minimum detection limit was one nanogram for mercury
for the total sample volume. The counting errors at the detection limits were around 7% .The blank
polyethylene bag did not show any measureable mercury content.
Accuracy and Precision
Experiments were initially carried out using a radioactive tracer and the corresponding carrier to evaluate
the recovery. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing the homogenate fish flesh (IAEA)
Standard Reference Material, MA-A-2 (TM). The mercury concentration was 0.45± 0.06-µg g-1 and this
is in good agreement with the IAEA certified value (0.47±0.02 µg g-1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The concentration of mercury found in the samples of fish has been shown in Table 1. Mercury
concentration was observed at the level 0.243 to 0.675 µg g-1 in these samples. The highest concentration
(0.582-0.836±0.127 µ g g-1) is found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest (0.250-0.260±0.004 µg g-1)
Neopropius atherinoides. It is observed that the level of Hg in fishes of fresh water origin is much lower
than that in other countries. A. comparison of mercury concentrations in some fresh water fish available
in Bangladesh and West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis) is shown in Table 2. A relationship
between the amount of mercury (µg g-1) and the number of fishes is shown in Figure 1.
3
5. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
Table 2.Comparison of Mercury concentrations in some fresh water fish available in Bangladesh and
West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis)
Type of fish(Local Scientific names Mercury Mercury
Names (Bangladesh) (West Bengal,
In Bangladesh and India) India**
1. Hilsa Shad
(Ilish) Tenualosa ilisha 0.334-0.442±0.052 0.55-0.83
2. Yellow tail catfish
(Pangas) Pangasius pangasius 0.355-0.426±0.027 0.22-0.52
3. Gangetic hairfish
Anchovy(Phasa) Setipinna phasa 0.582-0.836±0.127 0.96-1.09
4. Indian potasi Neopropius
(Batashi) atherinoides 0.250-0.260±0.004 0.25-0.42
5. Pana croaker
(Poa) Otolithoides pam 0.277-0.342±0.027 0.20-0.35
6. Olive barb
(Shorputi) Puntius sarana 0.22-0.44±0.11 0.48-0.60
7. Pabo catfish
(Pabda) Ompok pabda 0.230-0.264±0.015 0.20
8. Long-whiskered
Catfish (Ayre) Sperata aor 0.267-0.875±0.304 0.20-1.02
9. Walking catfish
(Koi) Clarias batrachus 0.246-0.344±0.042 0.28-0.40
10. Air breathing fish
(Singh) Heteropneustes fossil 0.288-0.320±0.016 0.20-0.47
11. Ruhu
(Rui) Labeo rohita 0.214-0.448±0.167 0.20-0.59
12. Catla
(Katol) Catla catla 0.250-0.340±0.045 0.20-0.59
5
6. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
________________________________________________________________________________
**Mercury in Fish : A Global Health Hazard, Mercury Policy Project, pp 1-51
ZeroMercury, February 2009 (Edward Groth III, PhD, Groth Consulting Services, Pelham, NY, USA)
_________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1
0.8
0.7
0.6
Amt. Of Hg (µgg^-1)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
No. of fish
Though the liver and kidney are usual organs for major concentrations of metals but mercury is
accumulated at higher level only in the muscle of fish (Peterson et al., 1973) and in its case
biomagnifications occurs through food chain.
The permissible limit varies a little bit from country to country. One proposed by FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) of the United States is 500 ppb. The mercury level in the present investigation is much
lower than this value. The trend of increasing concentration of Hg with increases in size of fish indicates
long time of its conservation in fish.
Estimation of Dietary Intake of Hg in Bangladesh
Average concentration of Hg found in the samples fish of the Bay of Bengal is 0.343±0.525 µg g-1.
Assuming Maximum average of fish consumption person-1 day -1 is 6-10 g dry fish for Chittagong and
6
7. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
coastal areas of Bangladesh, the maximum Hg intake through fish is estimated to be 2.06-3.43 µg
person-1 day-1 . This value is well below the maximum acceptable level for human being (0.5 µg g-1 wet
weight) (WHO, 1976: FAO/WHO, 1972-1987: Nauen, 1983: Denton et al. ,1996: Hakanson et al.,1988.
Similarly, 70 g dry per week would result in an intake of 24.01 µg of Hg which is also below the tolerable
limit (0.7 mg( kg)-1 body wt.day-1 ) of an about 70 kg man as suggested by WHO (1976).
CONCLUSION
The level of mercury reported here may be taken as a convenient baseline for determining future pollution
trends. Low Hg content observed in this study indicates that the Bay of Bengal has pollution free and
clean environment. So there is no danger to have these fishes for a Bangladeshi person.
Acknowledgement
The authors express thanks to Mr.K.R.Krishnamorti, Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhava Atomic
Research Center, Trombay, India, for using the method, the radiochemical separation of trace metals in
biological samples, used in that Laboratory.
REFERENCES
Akielazek.J.J. and Haines,T.A.(1981). Mercury in the muscle tissue of fish from three northern marine
lakes, Bull Environ. Contom.Toxically, 27, pp. 201-208
Bacci,E.(1989) Mercury in the Mediterranean, Mar.Pollute.Bull. , 20(20,pp.59-63
Bjorklund, I., Borg, H. and Johanssson, K. (1981), Mercury in Swedish lakes, its regional distribution and
causes, Ambio., 3, pp 118-121.
Chaudhury, N. (1980) , Ind..Exp., 48, p 9.
Chovjka,R. and Williams, R.J. (1980) Aust.J.Mar.Fresh water Res., 31, pp. 469-473.
Clarkson, T.W .(1984), Mercury, In: J.O.Nriagu (ed.) Changing Metals Cycles and Human Health,
Springer Vertag, Berlin, pp. 258-309.
Coleman, J.M. (1969) , Bhrahmaputra Rivers: Channel Processes and sedimentation, Sedimentary
Geology, Vol. 3(2-3), pp. 129-238.
Denton, G.R.W. and Burdon-Jones, C (1996), Trace metals in fish from Great Barrier Reef. Marine.
Pollute. Bull. 30(5), pp. 201-209.
7
8. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.24, No.2, 2007
FAO/WHO (1972-1987), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Reports 505, 631, 696
and 751. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Hakanson, L., Nilsson, A. and Andersson, T.(1988), Mercury in fish in Swedish Laeks, Environ Pollut.,
49, pp. 145-162.
Holeman, J.N. (1968), The sediment field of major rivers of the world, Water Resources research, Vol.4
(4) pp. 737-747.
Khan.H.R. (1978) A Study of Water Resources Development Activities in Bangladesh. A report for Ford
Foundation, Dhaka, p. 87.
Lee,Y.H. and Hultberg, H.(1990), Methylmercury in some Swedish surface waters, Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 9, pp.833-841.
Nauen, C.E.(1983) , Complication of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products,
FAO Fish Cric., 764.
Peterson, C.L., Klawe,W.K. and Sharp G.D.(1973), Fish Bull., 71. pp. 603-612.
Sharif, A.K.M., Mustafa, A.I., Amin.N.M. and Safiullah,S (1991). Sci .Total Environ., 107, pp. 135-142.
Sharif, A.K.M.,Mustafa,A.I., Mirza, A.H. and Safiullah,S.(1993a), Sci. Total Environ., 138, pp. 223-234.
Sharif. A.K.M., Alamgir, M., Krishnamoorty, K.R. and Mustafa, A.I. (1993b), Nucl.Chem., 170, pp.299-
307.
Turner, M.D., March, D.O., Smith, J.C., Inglics, J.B., J.B., Clarkson, T.W., Rubio, C.E., Chirboga, J. and
Chiriboga, C.C.(1980), Methylmercury in population eating large quantities of marine fish, Arch.Evviron.
Health., 35, pp. 367-370.
WHO (1976) , Environmental Health Criteria, I-Mercury, WHO, Geneva.
8